Abraham-Louis Breguet (1747-1823) è tutt’oggi considerato uno dei più grandi maestri orologiai di tutti i tempi nonché innovatore assai prolifico con l’invenzione – tra l’altro -dell’orologio a carica automatica e del costosissimo tourbillon, un sofisticato meccanismo che permette di ridurre le irregolarità di marcia derivanti dalla posizione in cui un orologio viene tenuto rispetto alla forza di gravità.
La Manufacture Breguet, tuttora attiva nella produzione di orologi di lusso e la cui produzione non si è mai interrotta dalla data della sua fondazione nel 1775, vanta anche uno strettissimo legame con il mondo dell’aviazione e questo per due ragioni principali.
La prima è che Louis Breguet (1880-1955), pronipote di Abraham-Louis, fu un pioniere dell’aviazione e fondatore della Société anonyme des ateliers d’aviation Louis Breguet con la quale nel 1907 per primo al mondo creò un prototipo di giroplano (antenato dell’elicottero), in grado di alzarsi di pochi centimetri da terra e comandato da un pilota a bordo.
In seguito Louis Breguet arrivò a creare numerosi modelli di biplano e aerei passeggeri come il Breguet Bre 20 del 1922.
Breguet Bre 20 per trasporto passeggeri
Tutto questo fino alla fusione con Dassault avvenuta nel 1971. Louis Breguet fu inoltre uno dei co-fondatori di Air France.
Louis Breguet
La seconda ragione è invece figlia di questo intrinseco legame tra il mondo dell’aviazione e la dinastia Breguet e nasce quando la Manufacture Breguet risponde al bando di gara emesso dal Ministero della Difesa francese negli anni ’50 per equipaggiare i propri piloti con cronografi dotati della funzione retour en vol (flyback in inglese), inventata da Longines nel 1936 ed utilissima per migliorare la precisione dei rilievi cronografici in volo.
Di cosa si trattava esattamente?
In un cronografo normale quando si ha la necessità di misurare più tempi in sequenza si è obbligati a premere il tasto in alto per far partire il cronometro e per fermarlo, mentre il tasto in basso va premuto per rimettere le lancette a zero e quindi poi ripartire con una seconda rilevazione, sempre tramite il tasto in alto.
Nel caso in cui le rilevazioni in sequenza debbano essere molto precise, la necessità di fermare il cronografo, ri-azzerarlo e farlo ripartire usando pulsanti diversi necessita di un lasso di tempo che indubbiamente incide sulla precisione dei rilevamenti stessi.
Con i cronografi di tipo retour en vol, invece, il cronografo viene fermato, azzerato e fatto ripartire con la semplice pressione del tasto in basso, di fatto azzerando i tempi morti tra una rilevazione e l’altra, a tutto vantaggio della precisione.
Di seguito un breve ma efficace filmato di Baume & Mercier che ne spiega le caratteristiche.
Grazie a questo bando di gara la Manufacture Breguet inizia a sviluppare il cronografo Type XX che verrà in seguito adottato sia dalla Armée de l’Air (con contatore a 30 minuti) sia dalla Aéronautique Navale (cassa antimagnetica e contatore a 15 minuti), diventando negli anni seguenti disponibile al pubblico, riscuotendo un grande successo.
Breguet Type XX – prima generazione
Oltre 60 anni sono passati da quando il Type XX è stato creato, ma ancora oggi questo orologio frutto di un binomio unico tra aviazione ed alta orologeria è disponibile nella sua versione aggiornata, per tutti gli amanti di questi due affascinanti mondi.
Il Breguet Type XX oggi, versione in oro rosso (credits: Henrik Schwiening)
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