Il B737 Max riprende i test


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Cesare.Caldi

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Il Boeing 737 Max torna nei cieli americani, primo volo dopo quasi 2 anni

l volo 718 dell'American Airlines è decollato da Miami diretto a New York La Guardia con a bordo 100 passeggeri. Il blocco del velivolo era scattato nel marzo 2019 in seguito ai due disastri aerei, uno in Indonesia ed uno in Etiopia che causarono 346 vittime

Torna a sfrecciare nei cieli americani il Boeing 737 Max dopo una pausa di 21 mesi. Il volo 718 dell'American Airlines è decollato ieri da Miami diretto a New York La Guardia con a bordo 100 passeggeri. Il blocco del velivolo era scattato nel marzo 2019 in seguito ai due disastri aerei, uno in Indonesia ed uno in Etiopia, che causarono 346 vittime. Le indagini rivelarono che gli incidenti furono causati da problemi tecnici legati al sistema di volo automatizzato, che a causa di letture errate del sensore spingeva il muso dell’aereo ripetutamente verso il basso senza che i piloti riuscissero a riprenderne il controllo.

La FAA autorizza la ripresa dei voli
https://tg24.sky.it/mondo/2020/12/04/ryanair-boeing-737-max
Il mese scorso la Federal Aviation Administration ha approvato le modifiche apportate da Boeing a questo sistema di controllo dando così il via libera alla ripresa dei voli del 737 Max. La FAA ha aperto quindi la strada alle compagnie aeree statunitensi per riprendere a utilizzare l'aereo a condizione che vengano apportate determinate modifiche e venga fornito ai piloti un addestramento aggiuntivo. American Airlines pianificherà un volo di andata e ritorno al giorno tra Miami e New York fino al 4 gennaio prima di mettere l'aereo anche su altre rotte. United Airlines riprenderà da febbraio e Southwest Airlines da marzo.

 

Cesare.Caldi

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Il governo statunitense ha multato Boeing per 2,5 miliardi di dollari per via dei due gravi incidenti degli aerei 737 Max

Il governo statunitense ha multato Boeing, la principale azienda statunitense produttrice di aeroplani, per 2,5 miliardi di dollari (circa 2 miliardi di euro) per via dei due gravi incidenti aerei avvenuti fra il 2018 e il 2019 a causa dei difetti di produzione del nuovo modello 737 Max.
La decisione è arrivata dopo un’inchiesta durata quasi due anni e prevede sia una multa vera e propria di 243 milioni di dollari (circa 2oo milioni di euro) per truffa e associazione a delinquere, sia un risarcimento di 2,2 miliardi di dollari (più o meno 1 miliardo e 800 milioni di euro) alle famiglie delle 346 persone morte durante gli incidenti aerei: quello del volo Lion Air 610, caduto in Indonesia il 28 ottobre 2018, e quello del volo Ethiopian Airlines 302, caduto in Etiopia il 10 marzo 2019.

David Burns, viceprocuratore generale del Dipartimento di giustizia, ha detto che i funzionari della compagnia avevano scelto di seguire «la strada del profitto anziché quella della trasparenza celando informazioni determinanti» alla Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), cioè l’agenzia federale statunitense che si occupa della sicurezza e dei controlli relativi all’aviazione. In diverse occasioni, e anche in un recente comunicato citato dal Guardian, Boeing aveva dato la colpa degli incidenti a due suoi ex dipendenti, che secondo l’azienda non avevano informato il gruppo di valutazione della FAA responsabile dell’addestramento dei piloti che c’erano stati dei cambiamenti nel software relativo alla modalità di volo automatico, chiamato MCAS: i due gravi incidenti erano stati attribuiti proprio ad alcuni difetti di questo software, che aveva portato entrambi gli aerei a scendere in picchiata poco dopo il decollo.
L’utilizzo dei 737 Max era stato sospeso in tutto il mondo a partire dal marzo del 2019 a causa dei due incidenti che avevano sollevato parecchi dubbi sulla loro sicurezza. In particolare, la decisione arrivò dopo l’incidente del volo 302 di Ethiopian Airlines che il 10 marzo del 2019 era partito da Addis Abeba, in Etiopia, ed era precipitato poco dopo il decollo provocando la morte di tutte le 157 persone a bordo, tra cui otto italiani. Dopo circa un anno e mezzo, lo scorso novembre, la FAA ha dato il via libera per far tornare a volare gli aerei 737 Max prodotti dalla Boeing e a inizio dicembre 2020, per la prima volta, l’azienda ha ricevuto un grosso ordine per i 737 Max da parte di Ryanair.

 

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Oggi Westjet riparte con voli commerciali del MAX8.
Volo WS115 Calgary-Vancouver operato con B737 MAX8 C-FHCM.

WestJet is set to become the first Canadian airline to return the aircraft to commercial service with a flight from Calgary to Vancouver on Thursday morning, following extensive review by Transport Canada.
The aviation agency took the unusual step of issuing independent authorization for the aircraft after spending roughly 15,000 hours reviewing the planes and ordering specific design changes beyond what other agencies like the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration have ordered.
The FAA as well as Boeing have come under intense scrutiny for the original approval and design process of the aircraft, which failed to disclose and address what would turn out to be fatal flaws in the plane.

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E' uscita l'AD EASA:


Comunicato stampa EASA con alcune informazioni:


COLOGNE, January 27, 2021 – The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) gave its seal of approval for the return to service of a modified version of the Boeing 737 MAX, mandating a package of software upgrades, electrical working rework, maintenance checks, operations manual updates and crew training which will allow the plane to fly safely in European skies after almost two years on the ground.

“We have reached a significant milestone on a long road,” said EASA Executive Director Patrick Ky. “Following extensive analysis by EASA, we have determined that the 737 MAX can safely return to service. This assessment was carried out in full independence of Boeing or the Federal Aviation Administration and without any economic or political pressure – we asked difficult questions until we got answers and pushed for solutions which satisfied our exacting safety requirements. We carried out our own flight tests and simulator sessions and did not rely on others to do this for us.

“Let me be quite clear that this journey does not end here,” he added. “We have every confidence that the aircraft is safe, which is the precondition for giving our approval. But we will continue to monitor 737 MAX operations closely as the aircraft resumes service. In parallel, and at our insistence, Boeing has also committed to work to enhance the aircraft still further in the medium term, in order to reach an even higher level of safety.”

The Boeing 737 MAX was grounded worldwide in March 2019 following the second of two accidents within just six months, which together claimed 346 lives. The root cause of these tragic accidents was traced to software known as the MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System), intended to make the plane easier to handle. However, the MCAS, guided by only one Angle of Attack (AoA) sensor, kicked in repeatedly if that sensor malfunctioned, pushing the nose of the aircraft downward multiple times. In both accidents, pilots finally lost control of their plane, resulting in a crash with total loss of aircraft.

EASA’s conditions for Return to Service now met
In the days after the grounding, EASA set four conditions for the return to service of the aircraft:

  • The two accidents (JT610 and ET302) are deemed sufficiently understood
  • Design changes proposed by Boeing to address the issues highlighted by the accidents are EASA approved and their embodiment is mandated
  • An independent extended design review has been completed by EASA
  • Boeing 737 MAX flight crews have been adequately trained
“These four conditions have now all been met, allowing us to go ahead with the return to service,” Ky said.

To enhance transparency, a closing report released by the Agency explains its approach and the reasoning for its decisions.

While the investigations assessed that the behaviour of the MCAS and related alerting systems were the clear main cause of the two crashes, EASA rapidly realised that a far wider review of the 737 MAX was needed. EASA therefore extended its analysis to the entire flight control system. With a particular focus on the human factors – the actual experience for a pilot of flying the plane.

This extended review, conducted in close cooperation with FAA as primary certification authority, and with Boeing as manufacturer, continued to evolve over the course of the 20-month exercise. Its findings led to the definition of the broad package of actions specified in the Airworthiness Directive.

“The mandated actions need to be seen as a complete package which together ensure the aircraft’s safety,” Ky said. “This is not just about changes to the design of the aircraft: every individual 737 MAX pilot needs to undergo a once-off special training, including simulator training, to ensure that they are fully familiar with the redesigned 737 MAX and trained to handle specific scenarios which may arise in flight. This will be reinforced by recurrent training to ensure the knowledge is kept fresh.”

EASA has also agreed with Boeing that the manufacturer will work to even further increase the resilience of the aircraft systems to AoA sensor failures so as to further enhance the safety of the aircraft. Boeing will also conduct a complementary Human Factor assessment of its crew alerting system within the next 12 months, with the aim of identifying the need for longer term improvements.

Resumption of flights in Europe
The Airworthiness Directive, which details the aircraft and operational suitability changes, including crew training requirements, must be carried out before each individual plane returns to service, gives the green light from the EASA side for a return to service of the aircraft.

However, scheduling of these mandated actions is a matter for the aircraft operators, under the oversight of Member States’ national aviation authorities, meaning that the actual return to service may take some time. COVID-19 may also have an influence on the pace of return to commercial operations.

In conjunction with the Airworthiness Directive, EASA also issued a Safety Directive (SD) requiring non-European airlines which are holders of EASA third country operator (TCO) authorisation to implement equivalent requirements, including aircrew training. This will allow for the return to service of the 737 MAX when the aircraft concerned are operated under an EASA TCO authorisation into, within or out of the territory of the EASA Member States.

Additional information
In summary, the EASA Airworthiness Directive mandates the following main actions:

  • Software updates for the flight control computer, including the MCAS
  • Software updates to display an alert in case of disagreement between the two AoA sensors
  • Physical separation of wires routed from the cockpit to the stabiliser trim motor
  • Updates to flight manuals: operational limitations and improved procedures to equip pilots to understand and manage all relevant failure scenarios
  • Mandatory training for all 737 MAX pilots before they fly the plane again, and updates of the initial and recurrent training of pilots on the MAX
  • Tests of systems including the AoA sensor system
  • An operational readiness flight, without passengers, before commercial usage of each aircraft to ensure that all design changes have been correctly implemented and the aircraft successfully and safely brought out of its long period of storage.
For details, see the text of the Airworthiness Directive (AD).

EASA, and regulators in Canada and Brazil, worked closely with the FAA and Boeing throughout the last 20 months to return the plane safely to operations. These three authorities have already approved the aircraft for the return to service.

The EASA AD requires the same physical changes to the aircraft as the FAA, meaning that there will be no software or technical differences between the aircraft operated by the United States operators and by the EASA member states operators (the 27 European Union members plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland). Following the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the UK Civil Aviation Authority is now responsible for clearing the aircraft to operate to/from and within the U.K as well as for U.K. operators.

However, EASA’s requirements differ from the FAA in two main respects. EASA explicitly allows flight crews to intervene to stop a stick shaker from continuing to vibrate once it has been erroneously activated by the system, to prevent this distracting the crew. EASA also, for the time being, mandates that certain types of high-precision landings cannot be performed. The latter is expected to be a short-term restriction. The mandated training for pilots is broadly the same for both authorities.

Some EASA member states issued their own decision prohibiting the operation of the 737 MAX last year for their sovereign airspace. These bans will need to be lifted before the aircraft can fly again in the airspace of these countries. EASA is working closely with the relevant national authorities to achieve this.

During the 28-day public consultation, comments on the AD were received from 38 commenters. These have all been responded to in the Comment Response Document published with the AD. For the SD, there were 6 commenters. Responses to these comments can be found on the Comment Response Document published with the SD. In summary, the comments resulted in some minor changes to the texts, such as corrections to typing errors, updated document references and clarifications required by the commenters. There were no substantive changes made to the actions that need to be implemented.
 
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Arrivano nuove compagnie per il MAX: l'ultima è la ultra low cost Canadese Flair Airlines che prenderà in leasing 13 MAX8.
Attualmente vola con tre B737-800.
 
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Charter2017

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Ethiopian Airlines potrebbe ricominciare a volare con il MAX a Luglio 2021. Data importante per la compagnia aerea che ha perso 157 persone a Marzo 2019 a causa della tragedia del volo 302.
In flotta ha 4 MAX8 con 3 in ordine.

Ethiopian Airlines may resume 737 Max operations in July
African carrier Ethiopian Airlines is satisfied with modifications made to the flight-control system of the Beoing 737 Max and may bring the type back into service in the upcoming summer season, according to the carrier’s chief executive Tewolde Gebremariam.
 
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TUIfly Belgium torna a volare con il MAX: domani, 17 Febbraio, primo volo da Brussels a Malaga ed Alicante con il B737 OO-MAX. Dovrebbe essere la prima compagnia in Europa a volare di nuovo con il MAX.
 
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vipero

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FAA warns of decompression risk in Boeing 737 NG and MAX

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a new airworthiness directive (AD) concerning the Boeing 737 NG and MAX family aircraft, after reports of cracks on the stop fitting assembly of the forward entry door.

 

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Riporto solo la notizia. Il MAX 8 in questione è arrivato in flotta AA a fine Dicembre 2020.

American Airlines Boeing 737 MAX flight from Miami safely lands at Newark airport after captain shut engine down due to a problem with oil pressure
  • An American Airlines Boeing 737 Max made an emergency landing Friday afternoon at Newark airport in New Jersey
  • Pilots noticed a possible problem with an engine oil pressure indicator
  • The plane was traveling from Miami, landed safely and taxied to the gate under its own power
  • There were no injuries among the 95 passengers and six crew members
  • Boeing Max was grounded worldwide for nearly two years after two crashes that killed 346 people
  • Investigators have focused on a flight-control system, not the engines
  • Federal regulators approved changes Boeing made to the flight system, and American resumed flying its Max jets in late December
  • Since then, United and Alaska Airlines have put passengers on Max planes, and Southwest Airlines plans to resume flights with the planes next week
American Airlines said that a Boeing 737 MAX bound for New Jersey's Newark Liberty International Airport declared an emergency after the captain shut down one engine over a possible mechanical issue.
American's Flight 2555 from Miami with 95 passengers and six crew landed safely at Newark without incident, the airline said.
The possible issue was related to an engine oil pressure or volume indicator and not the result of anything related to the MCAS system linked to two fatal 737 MAX crashes in 2018 and 2019 that prompted the plane's 20-month grounding, it said.
 
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