FTL e regolamentazione sull'utilizzo orario dei naviganti


Iniziamo da questo documento dell'EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency www.easa.eu) pubblicato sul sito www.dead-tired.eu (dell'ECA, European Cockpit Association)
http://www.dead-tired.eu/sites/default/files/D02811202-en.doc
E' l'ultima proposta delle FTL presentata dall'EASA, aggiornata a Luglio 2013

Come già anticipato, lo scopo di questo documento (quindi delle FTL) è:

ORO.FTL.100 Scope
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an operator and its crew members with regard to flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements for crew members.


Ovviamente, abbiamo una serie di definizioni che dovrebbero non essere interpretabili... evidenzio qualcuna più importante

ORO.FTL.105 Definitions
For the purpose of this Subpart, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) ‘acclimatised’ means a state in which a crew member’s circadian biological clock is synchronised to the time zone where the crew member is. A crew member is considered to be acclimatised to a 2-hour wide time zone surrounding the local time at the point of departure. When the local time at the place where a duty commences differs by more than 2 hours from the local time at the place where the next duty starts, the crew member, for the calculation of the maximum daily flight duty period, is considered to be acclimatised in accordance with the values in the Table 1.
...
(1) ‘reference time’ means the local time at the reporting point situated in a 2-hour wide time zone band around the local time where a crew member is acclimatised;
(2) ‘accommodation’ means, for the purpose of standby and split duty, a quiet and comfortable place not open to the public with the ability to control light and temperature, equipped with adequate furniture that provides a crew member with the possibility to sleep, with enough capacity to accommodate all crew members present at the same time and with access to food and drink;
(3) ‘suitable accommodation’ means, for the purpose of standby, split duty and rest, a separate room for each crew member located in a quiet environment and equipped with a bed, which is sufficiently ventilated, has a device for regulating temperature and light intensity, and access to food and drink;
(4) ‘augmented flight crew’ means a flight crew which comprises more than the minimum number required to operate the aircraft, allowing each flight crew member to leave the assigned post, for the purpose of in-flight rest, and to be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member;
(5) ‘break’ means a period of time within an flight duty period, shorter than a rest period, counting as duty and during which a crew member is free of all tasks;
(6) ‘delayed reporting’ means the postponement of a scheduled FDP by the operator before a crew member has left the place of rest;
(7) ‘disruptive schedule’ means a crew member’s roster which disrupts the sleep opportunity during the optimal sleep time window by comprising an FDP or a combination of FDPs which encroach, start or finish during any portion of the day or of the night where a crew member is acclimatised; A schedule may be disruptive due to early starts, late finishes or night duties.
(a) ‘early type’ of disruptive schedule means:
i. for ‘early start’ a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 05:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
ii. for ‘late finish’ a duty period finishing in the period between 23:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised.
(b) ‘late type’ of disruptive schedule means:
i. for ‘early start’ a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 06:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and
ii. for ‘late finish’ a duty period finishing in the period between 00:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised.
(8) ‘night duty’ means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised;
(9) ‘duty’ means any task that a crew member performs for the operator, including flight duty, administrative work, giving or receiving training and checking, positioning, and some elements of standby;
(10) ‘duty period’ means a period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free of all duties, including post-flight duty;
(11) ‘flight duty period ('FDP')’ means a period that commences when a crew member is required to report for duty, which includes a sector or a series of sectors, and finishes when the aircraft finally comes to rest and the engines are shut down, at the end of the last sector on which the crew member acts as an operating crew member;
(12) ‘flight time’ means, for aeroplanes and touring motor gliders, the time between an aircraft first moving from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest on the designated parking position and all engines or propellers are shut down.
(13) ‘home base’ means the location, assigned by the operator to the crew member, from where the crew member normally starts and ends a duty period or a series of duty periods and where, under normal circumstances, the operator is not responsible for the accommodation of the crew member concerned;
(14) ‘local day’ means a 24-hour period commencing at 00:00 local time;
(15) ‘local night’ means a period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 and 08:00 local time;
(16) ‘operating crew member’ means a crew member carrying out duties in an aircraft during a sector;
(17) ‘positioning’ means the transferring of a non-operating crew member from one place to another, at the behest of the operator, excluding:
– the time of travel from a private place of rest to the designated reporting place at home base and vice versa, and
– the time for local transfer from a place of rest to the commencement of duty and vice versa;
(18) ‘rest facility’ means a bunk or seat with leg and foot support suitable for crew members' sleeping on board an aircraft.
(19) ‘reserve’ means a period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for an FDP, positioning or other duty notified at least 10 hours in advance.
(20) ‘rest period’ means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following duty or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and reserve.
(21) ‘rotation’ is a duty or a series of duties, including at least one flight duty, and rest periods out of home base, starting at home base and ending when returning to home base for a rest period where the operator is no longer responsible for the accommodation of the crew member.
(22) ‘single day free of duty’ means, for the purpose of complying with the provisions of Council Directive 2000/79/EC, a time free of all duties and standby consisting of one day and two local nights, which is notified in advance. A rest period may be included as part of the single day free of duty.
(23) ‘sector’ means the segment of an FDP between an aircraft first moving for the purpose of taking off until it comes to rest after landing on the designated parking position.
(24) ‘standby’ means a pre-notified and defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period.
(25) ‘airport standby’ means a standby performed at the airport;
(26) ‘other standby’ means a standby either at home or in a suitable accommodation;
(27) ‘window of circadian low ('WOCL') means the period between 02:00 and 05:59 hours in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised.
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E quindi iniziamo con le basi

Quante ore posso fare?
ORO.FTL.205 Flightduty period (FDP)...
(b)Basic maximum daily FDP.
(1)The maximum daily FDP withoutthe use of extensions for acclimatised crew members shall be in accordance withthe following table:

Maximum daily FDP — Acclimatised crew members
[TABLE="width: 678"]
[TR]
[TD]Start of FDP at reference time[/TD]
[TD]1–2 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]3 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]4 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]5 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]6 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]7 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]8 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]9 Sectors[/TD]
[TD]10 Sectors[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]0600–1329[/TD]
[TD]13:00[/TD]
[TD]12:30[/TD]
[TD]12:00[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1330–1359[/TD]
[TD]12:45[/TD]
[TD]12:15[/TD]
[TD]11:45[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1400–1429[/TD]
[TD]12:30[/TD]
[TD]12:00[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1430–1459[/TD]
[TD]12:15[/TD]
[TD]11:45[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1500–1529[/TD]
[TD]12:00[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1530–1559[/TD]
[TD]11:45[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1600–1629[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1630–1659[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1700–0459[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]0500–0514[/TD]
[TD]12:00[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]0515–0529[/TD]
[TD]12:15[/TD]
[TD]11:45[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]0530–0544[/TD]
[TD]12:30[/TD]
[TD]12:00[/TD]
[TD]11:30[/TD]
[TD]11:00[/TD]
[TD]10:30[/TD]
[TD]10:00[/TD]
[TD]09:30[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]0545–0559[/TD]
[TD]12:45[/TD]
[TD]12:15[/TD]
[TD]11:45[/TD]
[TD]11:15[/TD]
[TD]10:45[/TD]
[TD]10:15[/TD]
[TD]09:45[/TD]
[TD]09:15[/TD]
[TD]09:00[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
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Come si legge? Rapido esempio:
Giuseppe, il nostro comandante di una compagnia Europea, ha una giornata di volo programmata, dove il proprio duty inizia alle 05:00 (report, firma, l'ora in cui "prende servizio", ovvero si presenta in sala briefing, normalmente 1h prima del decollo per un volo di corto/medio raggio). Giuseppe deve fare 2 settori (andata e ritorno).
Dalla tabella possiamo vedere che il massimo FDP (definizione sopra) che può fare è 12:00 ore.
Altro esempio: Giuseppe oggi inizia alle 5:30 per volare 4 settori, massimo FDP 11:30

Dalla tabella capiamo che quanti più settori, quanto più "stanco", tanto meno tempo si può lavorare.

Il nostro Giuseppe ha avuto una giornata senza inconvenienti, finisce il suo duty (normalmente 30min dopo l'OnBlock dell'ultimo settore).
Prossima domanda: quanto riposo (rest) devo fare?

ORO.FTL.235 Rest periods
(a) Minimum rest period at home base.
(1) The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting at home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is greater.
(2) By way of derogation from point (1), the minimum rest provided under point (b) applies if the operator provides suitable accommodation to the crew member at home base.
(b) Minimum rest period away from home base.
The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting away from home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 10 hours, whichever is greater. This period shall include an 8-hour sleep opportunity in addition to the time for travelling and physiological needs.
(c) Reduced rest
By derogation from points (a) and (b), flight time specification schemes may reduce the minimum rest periods in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation and taking into account the following elements:
(1) the minimum reduced rest period;
(2) the increase of the subsequent rest period; and
(3) the reduction of the FDP following the reduced rest.
(d) Recurrent extended recovery rest periods
Flight time specification schemes shall specify recurrent extended recovery rest periods to compensate for cumulative fatigue. The minimum recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be 36 hours, including 2 local nights, and in any case the time between the end of one recurrent extended recovery rest period and the start of the next extended recovery rest period shall not be more than 168 hours. The recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be increased to 2 local days twice every month.
(e) Flight time specification schemes shall specify additional rest periods in accordance with the applicable certification specifications to compensate for:
(1) the effects of time zone differences and extensions of the FDP;
(2) additional cumulative fatigue due to disruptive schedules; and
(3) a change of home base.
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Nella home base, Giuseppe DEVE fare 12 ore minimo, o quanto il precedente duty period. Common sense no? Se lavoro più ore, devo riposare più ore.
Come può fare più ore di quelle che abbiamo visto nella tabella? Ovviamente non siamo seduti ad una scrivania, quindi molte cose possono succedere, e di fronte agli imprevisti:

(a)Unforeseen circumstances inflight operations — commander’s discretion(1)The conditions to modify thelimits on flight duty, duty and rest periods by the commander in the case ofunforeseen circumstances in flight operations, which start at or after thereporting time, shall comply with the following:
(i) the maximum dailyFDP which results after applying points (b) and (e) of point ORO.FTL.205 or pointORO.FTL.220 may not be increased by more than 2 hours unless the flight crewhas been augmented, in which case the maximum flight duty period may beincreased by not more than 3 hours;
(ii) if on the finalsector within an FDP the allowed increase is exceeded because of unforeseencircumstances after take-off, the flight may continue to the planneddestination or alternate aerodrome; and
(iii) the rest periodfollowing the FDP may be reduced but can never be less than 10 hours.
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Fin qui, tutto chiaro, vero?

Possiamo notare come i limiti e il rest prendono in considerazione solo dal momento in cui ci presentiamo per il nostro duty, fino a mezz'ora dopo l'arrivo. Non vengono considerati il tempo da/per la nostra casa ed eventuali preparativi.


Oltre ai limiti giornalieri, ci sono anche altri limiti:
ORO.FTL.210 Flighttimes and duty periods(a)The total duty periods to whicha crew member may be assigned shall not exceed:
(1)60 duty hours in any 7consecutive days;
(2)110 duty hours in any 14consecutive days; and
(3)190 duty hours in any 28consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable throughout that period.
(b)The total flight time of the sectorson which an individual crew member is assigned as an operating crew membershall not exceed:
(1)100 hours of flight time in any28 consecutive days;
(2)900 hours of flight time in anycalendar year; and
(3)1 000 hours of flight time inany 12 consecutive calendar months.
(c)Post-flight duty shall count asduty period. The operator shall specify in its operations manual the minimumtime period for post-flight duties.
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Abbiamo tutti chiara la differenza fra Duty hours e Flight hours, vero?



***Domanda per i colleghi: in questo documento non vedo specificato nessun regolamento in quanto agli OFF e al tempo di standby... manca o è fatto apposta?


*Lascio questo post come referenza, pero la normale discussione sarà su post successivi
 
Ultima modifica:
Re: Rinasce ANPAC

Esempio pratico e veloce: Giuseppe si presenta in aeroporto alle 05:00 per il suo duty per fare 4 settori
Alle 16:00 potrebbe star facendo atterrare il vostro aereo e la cosa è perfettamente legale! C'è di più, avete accumulato un po' di ritardo e il comandante stà facendo uso della discrection... sono le 18:00 e la cosa è perfettamente legale.
E a tutto questo Giuseppe è al suo 6° giorno di lavoro con questi ritmi, e oltre ad essere pilota è padre e marito, quindi nelle poche ore libere che ha va a fare la spesa e a prendere i bambini a scuola. Giuseppe, per quanto ligio al dovere è umano, ed è riuscito a dormire solo 4 ore il giorno prima ed ora è sveglio da 15... potete immaginare che voglia ha di atterrare con raffiche di vento e un temporale che imperversa sull'aeroporto ;)
 
molto interessante. se pero' ti fai un intercontinentale che dura 12/13 ore quanto riposi ? e soprattutto quanti gg lavori ?
 
AAmilan, qui chiedo l'aiuto di più esperti sul lungo raggio, poichè questo documento sembra non considerare gli OFF ed altre cose
Comunque leggendo il documento possiamo vedere la tabella di "non acclimatised" e ci dà un FDP di 11 ore, ma poi ci lascia un po' sul vago con

(a) Maximum daily FDP with the useof extensions due to in-flight restFlight time specification schemes shall specifythe conditions for extensions of the maximum basic daily FDP with in-flightrest in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the typeof operation, taking into account:
(i) the number ofsectors flown;
(ii) the minimum in-flightrest allocated to each crew member;
(iii) the type ofin-flight rest facilities; and
(iv) the augmentation ofthe basic flight crew.
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Che rimanda, così come in altri punti del documento, alle "Flight Time Specification Scheme", che per me è una parola nuova
 
ok grazie. se non erro chi fa il corto di solito ha 3/4 sectors da coprire per cui se fai domestico in teoria dovresti "dico dovresti" poter recuperare la fatica. bisogna anche capire quanti gg di riposo consecutivi si hanno in base ai giorni consecutivi di lavoro.
 
Metto le mani avanti, non conosco assolutamente la regolamentazione.

Ma in due casi recenti (volo EK DXB-HKG e volo LH FRA-SIN) ho trovato lo stesso crew quando ripartivo 48 ore dopo (in realtà qualcosa in più, 50-51 tenendo conto del tempo di turnaround), supporrei quindi che il riposo ecceda le 24 ore.
 
aamilan ha detto:
ok grazie. se non erro chi fa il corto di solito ha 3/4 sectors da coprire per cui se fai domestico in teoria dovresti "dico dovresti" poter recuperare la fatica. bisogna anche capire quanti gg di riposo consecutivi si hanno in base ai giorni consecutivi di lavoro.
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Hai visto l'esempio che ho messo sopra? con 4 settori puoi fare 11:30 (o più) quindi hai sempre 12 ore... in cui devi tornare a casa, avere una vita, svegliarti, prepararti e andare a lavoro... fai questo 6 giorni di fila, e poi dimmi se puoi recuperare la fatica fra un turno e l'altro...

D-GODE ha detto:
Metto le mani avanti, non conosco assolutamente la regolamentazione.

Ma in due casi recenti (volo EK DXB-HKG e volo LH FRA-SIN) ho trovato lo stesso crew quando ripartivo 48 ore dopo (in realtà qualcosa in più, 50-51 tenendo conto del tempo di turnaround), supporrei quindi che il riposo ecceda le 24 ore.
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Una cosa è cosa si fà nella pratica, un'altra è la legalità. Legalmente fuori base hai sempre le 10 ore o il turno precedente come minimo riposo... poi normale che le rotazioni sono di 24 ore minimo.
Comunque, non sai cosa ha fatto quel crew PRIMA della tua rotazione, quindi non sai del loro stato MENTRE stavano facendo il tuo volo
 
Tiennetti ha detto:
Hai visto l'esempio che ho messo sopra? con 4 settori puoi fare 11:30 (o più) quindi hai sempre 12 ore... in cui devi tornare a casa, avere una vita, svegliarti, prepararti e andare a lavoro... fai questo 6 giorni di fila, e poi dimmi se puoi recuperare la fatica fra un turno e l'altro...

infatti se lo fai 6 gg di fila non penso, quindi non esiste un massimo di gg consecutivi ?
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In tutte le compagnie in cui ho lavorato, il massimo di giorni di duty consecutivi era 5 o 6... ma non sò se veniano dalla regolamentazione, o erano accordi sindacali... visto che in questo documento non c'è menzione
 
Tiennetti ha detto:
In tutte le compagnie in cui ho lavorato, il massimo di giorni di duty consecutivi era 5 o 6... ma non sò se veniano dalla regolamentazione, o erano accordi sindacali... visto che in questo documento non c'è menzione
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ftl nella parte riposo prevedono un max di 168 ore tra fine di un periodo di riposo e l'inizio di un successivo. in pratica stecca max di 168:24= 7 giorni
 
Avete mai visto quel programma targato Costa Crociere, mi sembra "vite da crociera", su SKY? Se una compagnia aerea facesse "vite in volo" farebbe secondo me un gran colpo comprendendovi il pre e post tratta, con fatiche, tensioni, divertimento, pax folli e soste nel mondo.
 
Tiennetti ha detto:
In tutte le compagnie in cui ho lavorato, il massimo di giorni di duty consecutivi era 5 o 6... ma non sò se veniano dalla regolamentazione, o erano accordi sindacali... visto che in questo documento non c'è menzione
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Non c'è la regola che bisogna avere almeno 36 ore di riposo in sede, ongi 168 ore ? Ovvero.....si può lavorare per 7 giorni consecutivi............
P:S...scusate...ho visto che aveva già riosposto Henry...
 
Tiennetti ha detto:
Oltre ai limiti giornalieri, ci sono anche altri limiti:
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ORO.FTL.210 Flighttimes and duty periods(a)The total duty periods to whicha crew member may be assigned shall not exceed:
(1)60 duty hours in any 7consecutive days;
(2)110 duty hours in any 14consecutive days; and
(3)190 duty hours in any 28consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable throughout that period.
(b)The total flight time of the sectorson which an individual crew member is assigned as an operating crew membershall not exceed:
(1)100 hours of flight time in any28 consecutive days;
(2)900 hours of flight time in anycalendar year; and
(3)1 000 hours of flight time inany 12 consecutive calendar months.
(c)Post-flight duty shall count asduty period. The operator shall specify in its operations manual the minimumtime period for post-flight duties.
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Tuttavia le ore cumulative permesse nel medio-lungo periodo non mi sembrano così elevate. Quale interesse avrebbero le compagnie nel massacrare di lavoro gli equipaggi per vari giorni consecutivi (o quasi), salvo poi non poterli utilizzare per parecchio tempo a causa del raggiungimento di uno di questi limiti?
 
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