A partire dall’8 dicembre, i percorsi degli aeromobili nello spazio aereo della nostra penisola saranno più razionali ed efficienti, grazie al progetto FRAIT (Free Route Airspace Italy) messo in campo da ENAV, la società italiana per il controllo della navigazione aerea.
In Italia come altrove, gli aerei seguono normalmente rotte definite da una complessa rete di aerovie, percorrendo spesso più miglia rispetto alla rotta diretta tra l’aeroporto di partenza e quello di destinazione. Questa apparente inefficienza trae origine dalla vecchia rete aeroviaria, costruita basandosi sui segnali emessi da radiofari al suolo. Le migliorie tecnologiche degli ultimi anni consentono invece una maggiore precisione nella navigazione aerea, abbandonando il riferimento alle apparecchiature a terra. Questo permette ai fornitori dei servizi della navigazione aerea, come ENAV, di creare rotte più brevi e quindi più efficienti.
Con l’introduzione del FRAIT, gli operatori saranno liberi di scegliere un qualsiasi punto di ingresso ed un qualsiasi punto di uscita dallo spazio aereo italiano, realizzando così un cospicuo risparmio di carburante, ed una sensibile riduzione delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra. Per esempio, un volo da Parigi ad Atene potrà pianificare un punto di ingresso nello spazio aereo italiano nei pressi del Monte Bianco, ed un punto di uscita in Salento, senza segmenti intermedi. Le traiettorie libere saranno consentite al di sopra di FL335, pari a poco più di 10.000 metri di quota.
La realizzazione del FRAIT ha reso necessarie alcune implementazioni tecnologiche all’interno dei quattro centri di controllo d’area (ACC) di ENAV, situati a Roma, Milano, Padova e Brindisi.
In ciascun ACC, l’elaborazione delle rotte è stata finora limitata ai confini della propria area di giurisdizione. Con il FRAIT, invece, i sistemi di gestione dati dei singoli ACC hanno dovuto “imparare la geografia” degli altri ACC italiani. In questo modo, i dati del volo vengono processati in maniera univoca e del tutto trasparente attraverso lo spazio aereo nazionale.
Il Free Route Airspace si inserisce nel novero delle innovazioni tecnologiche sviluppate nell’ambito del progetto europeo SESAR. In particolare, è parte del Pilot Common Project, ossia delle prime sei funzionalità ritenute essenziali dal legislatore UE per realizzare con efficienza il Cielo Unico Europeo.
Anche altri provider europei hanno realizzato il Free Route Airspace negli spazi di loro competenza, con largo anticipo rispetto alla scadenza prevista dal legislatore per il 1° gennaio 2022. Oltre all’Irlanda e all’Ungheria, si segnala tra gli altri l’interessante caso di Free Route Airspace transfrontaliero realizzato in Nord Europa. Complici anche i volumi ridotti di traffico, i provider di Danimarca, Svezia, Norvegia, Finlandia, Estonia e Lettonia hanno istituito il NEFRA (North European Free Route Airspace), consentendo traiettorie libere tra gli spazi aerei di questi sei Stati.
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